Saunders Gnostic Glossary 2006
by
Tom Saunders, B.A. / B.S., Certified Linguist.


Introduction:

There is a lost Christianity that can be brought back to understanding from the Gnostic texts of the Nag Hammadi Library, and other texts like "The Pistis Sophia,” with many others mentioned below. Until the serious study of the Nag Hammadi texts in the last few years, nobody has had the knowledge to assume much about what is contained in Gnostic texts.

The following set of terms was gathered by myself and members of a group of scholars who study the "Gospel of Thomas." These human sources of information include, Dr. Andrew Criddle, Dr. William Arnal, Dr. Mark Goodachre, Dr. Jack Kilmon, Dr. Lynn Bauman, Mike Grondin, Frank McCoy, and others.

Many of the terms below come from original works by Karl Nygren http://www.kheper.net/. Special thanks to him and other members of the various ''Gospel of Thomas'' groups I have participated with over the years. A glossary is really a work that is never finished.... Glossary means; ''A word list; a brief dictionary used in a field of study or in a certain literary work, with an explanation or definition of their meanings.'' "Glossology;'' is a synonym for ''Linguistics.'' (''The Dictionary of Linguistics,'' Pei- Gaynor, Littlefield, 1969, pg. 83., 122. ) I hope that this work will serve as a 'lexicology,' for the Secret works described below.

Aberamentho: A name used for/by Jesus, in the Sethian text ''The Pistis Sophia,'' describing him as merged with Thoth-Hermes because Jesus calls on God while standing upon the water. It is a trajectory that merges the Hebrew 'abyr mym' (power of waters) with the Greek form of the Egyptian God Thoth and is found in Book IV of the Codex ''Askewianus.'' {Thoth is associated with Logos, the power of Word, as Ra's scribe/translator. It is also a formula for Seth-Typhon and can be found in the Demotic Leiden Papyrus and other magical papyri following the Egyptian XXVI dynasty. (Source; Dr. Jack Kilmon.) See; ''Sethianische Verfluchtungstafeln aus Rom'' Wünsch, Richard. Leipzig: B.G Teubner, 1898. In 1870, a collection of ancient Sethian tablets inscribed with Greek and Latin Typhonian spells and curses was discovered buried near the famous Appian Way in Rome. There are other texts identified as Sethian from the Egyptian brother of Osiris, see; http://home.iprimus.com.au/btheos/articles/LM-Egypt.htmhttp://www.voiceofthestorm.com/recomendedreading.html  


Abraxas: (Abrasax) The letters of this word add up to 365 in some schema of numerology. In Irenaeus' outline of the beliefs of Basilides, the term seems to refer to the unknown Father, the 'Prime Source.' In writings by Hippolytus, what is described seems to be a reference to the Demiurge. In some of the surviving Gnostic texts, Abrasax is one of a number of "light bringers." (See; ''Zostrianos,'' ''The Gospel of the Egyptians,'' and ''The Apocalypse of Adam.'')

Achamoth: In Hebrew meaning 'wisdom,' (Sophia) possibly related to the Hebrew word for wisdom, "chokmah". An Aeon representing 'wisdom' created by Sophia (Wisdom) in the pleroma. (See; ''First Apocalypse of James,'' Nag Hammadi Lib.) Called 'Echmoth' in the ''Gospel of Phillip,'' meaning 'little Wisdom' or "wisdom of death."

Aeon: These are characterized as emanations from the 'first cause,' the Father in some Gnostic schema. The word not only refers to the "worlds" of emanation, but to the personalities as well. Sophia, Logos, Barbelo, Eleleth, and the other high principles are aeons. ''A link or level of the great chain of being, the sum total which is the 'All' or Pleroma...Can also mean a world age.'' (See; Gaffney) ''According to other Gnostics, for example Valentinus, the first principle is also called Aeon or the unfathomable, the primeval depth, the absolute abyss, bythos, in which everything is sublimated...'' translated by Scott J. Thompson from G.W.F. Hegel's ''Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie ii ,'' (Theorie Werkausgabe, Bd. 19), Frankfurt a.M., Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, 426-430] ( See also; Pleroma.) The first ten aeons in the Valentinian schema are,  Bythios (Profound) and Mixis (Mixture), Ageratos (Never old) and Henosis (Union), Autophyes (Essential nature) and Hedone (Pleasure), Acinetos (Immoveable) and Syncrasis (Commixture,) Monogenes (Only-begotten) and Macaria (Happiness). http://www.wbenjamin.org/hegel_kabbalah.html

Agape: Refers to love. For some Gnostics it refers to the ability of the initiate to see the divine spark in all life, in the process of becoming Pneumatic. ''Love, Faith, Hope, and Knowledge,'' are elements of a 'tetrad,' explained in the ''Gospel of Philip.''

Agrapha: means unwritten. Two pieces of agrapha, apperently that did get written down, are of interest because they parallel the ''Gospel of Thomas,'' saying 22 c., which has no other Gospel parallels. ''12. Acts of Philip, 34. For the Lord said unto me: If you make not that which is below in you to be above, and the left hand to be right, ye shall not enter into my kingdom. 13. Linus Martyrdom of Peter, 17. The Lord said in a mystery: If ye make not the left hand as the right and the right as the left, and the things that are above as the things that are below, and the things that are before as those that are behind, ye shall not know the Kingdom of God. (''The New Testament Apochrypha,'' by James,Apocryphile Press page, 36.)

Agnoia: Literally "ignorance" or not paying attention. (Nygren; http://www.kheper.net/)

Agnosia: State of not having insight or Gnosis. (Nygren; http://www.kheper.net/)

Alchemy: Early chemistry concerned with the search for the philosopher's stone, a substance believed to turn base metals into gold. Also the quest for eternal life, by the use of alchemical and human transmutation. The art of alchemy can be traced back to 100-150 B.C. in China, before the practice of rejuvination and eternal life appeared in the west. The great Wei Po-Yang (100-50 A.D.), is said
to have discovered 'true gold medicine.' (See; Transubstantiation. See; ''The History of Magic and the Occult,'' Seligmann, Gramercy, 1997. pg. 95. See also; ''The Steinerbooks Dictionary of the Psychic, Mystic, and Occult,'' Rudolf Steiner, 1973. pg. 15.)

Allegory: Writings, characterized by themes or parts with intentional multiple analogies. They relate characters and events in a manner to represent more than one thing or meaning. Origen stated that scripture can have literal, moral, and spiritual meanings. (See also; Exegesis.)

Allogenes: Means "alien" or of another race. The existence of spiritual force in the material realm is "alien" to it. This includes both aeons, such as the Logos, as well as the Gnostic him/her self. According to Dr. Gilles, Allogenes, is also a reference to Seth, the third son of Adam and Eve. In Jewish gnosis Seth is viewed as the Saviour." ( Emeritus Professor Gilles Quispel who discovered the Gospel of Thomas.) ''Allogenes'' is a 'Sethian' tractate, and is contained in Codex XI. 3, of the Nag Hammadi Lib.

Amente: The place or state of the abyss or hell. ''Mary answered and said: "Woe unto the souls of sinners! Now, therefore, my Lord, is the fire in the world of mankind fiercer, or the fire in Amente? The Saviour answered and said unto Mary, Amēn, I say unto thee: The fire in Amente is nine times fiercer than the fire in mankind.'' (''The Pistis Sophia.'' http://www.gnosis.org/library/psoph.htm  )

Anastasis: Means resurrection. Another term related to, or used like apokatastasis, and in some cases may be used as synonymous with the process or Gnostic salvation. (See Apokatastasis. See also; Origen.)

Androgyny: A state of a being with both, like Yin and Yang in the Tai Chi, or having no sexual characteristics. Emanations from the Pleroma are considered androginous, even though they may be referenced with male or female names. (See; Barbelo, Pronoia, Protophanes, See also; 'Syzygos')

Angel: (angelos) A messenger from a divine source, or God. (See; ''The Five Gospels,'' by Funk, Hoover, Harpper-Collins, 1993, p. 544. ''Heavenly Messenger.'') Gamaliel, Gabrial, Samblo, and Abrasax, are angels, or ministers of Light. "Seven (creators of man) have power over all of these: Michael, Ouriel, Asmenedas, Saphasatoel, Aarmouriam, Richram, Amiorps. And the ones who are in charge over the senses (are) Archendekta; and he who is in charge over the receptions (is) Deitharbathas; and he who is in charge over the imagination (is) Oummaa; and he who is over the composition Aachiaram, and he who is over the whole impulse Riaramnacho. (''Apocryphon of John.'')

Anthropos: "Man". This is the cosmic human as well as the philosophical form of the regular human.

Anomoeans: In church history, the 'Anomoeans' were ancient heretics who asserted that the Son was of a different nature and in nothing like to that of the Father. (Wikipedia, See; ''The Concept of Our Great Power.'') Antinomianism: While this word literally refers to the belief that legal precepts are no longer applicable to a "saved" individual, it has come to be used in regards to any libertine doctrines in common parlance. It is in reference to heresy. Thus, the Christian groups that are experiential rather than ascetic have been referred to as 'antinomian.' See; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01564b.htm

Antitactae: (Antitactes) May refer to a sect, or independent or ascetic (licentious, antinomian) Gnostics, rather than the followers of any single master, to whom they can be traced.

Apelles: A Gnostic follower of Marcion who later disagreed with Marcionite philosophies, especially concerning docetics and dualism. His work "Hexaëmeron" was an attempt to refute Moses. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01593a.htm

Apocalypse: A writing which relates a revelation, usually associated with doom. (See; ''The Apocalypse of Paul,'' NHL.)

Apocrypha: Means 'hidden things' in Greek. Usually in reference to non canonized texts or scriptures, like the "Gospel of Thomas."

Apochryphon: "Secret Book". The notion of secrecy was important for a wide variety of early Christians for many reasons. Thus the development of the "secret writings" amongst the Gnostics. (See; "Apochryphon of James" and Apochryphon of John" Nag Hammadi Lib. NHL.)

Apokatastasis: Meaning salvation and restoration through the reception of the Holy Spirit, Jesus. The term is used by Heracleon in reference to "fruit of eternal life or because it (Gnosis), is itself eternal life." It was used by Origen differently, as if he meant the term to connote a communal Anastasis. ''Origen teaches the "apokatastasis", the final restoration of all intelligent creatures to friendship with God.'' (New Advent. See also; Anastasis.)

Apolutrosis: "Redemption" as seen as being helped by the rite of initiation which helps to impart gnosis. This word refers to both the rite and what is received from it. (See; Metenoia, Etennoia, Enlightenment.)

Aponoia: "Unreason" like the misuse of thought. This is different than simply not having thought, as the inability to "put things together" can be worse than not even knowing they do in fact fit. (Nygren; http://www.kheper.net/)

Apostle: A title distinguishing the twelve disciples whom Jesus selected to be intimately associated with himself, they are: (Mt. 10-1,5) "And he called unto him his twelve disciples, and gave them authority over unclean spirits, to cast them out, and to heal all manner of disease and all manner of sickness. Now the names of the twelve apostles are these: The first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus; Simon the Cananaean, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed him. These twelve Jesus sent forth, and charged them, saying, Go not into any way of the Gentiles, and enter not into any city of the Samaritans." (See also; Lk.6v13.) Clement of Alexandria also acknowledges Barnabas, and Basilides as Apostles.

Aramaic: A language spoken in Israel, Syria, and Mesopotamia. Aramaic inscriptions are known from at least 800 B.C. until now. Known to be the first language of Jesus. http://essenes.net/glossaryaramaic2.html

Archgenitor: One who destroys creations. A Greek reference to Yaldabaoth. (See; Demiurge.)

Archon: "Ruler." Refers to the creators and governing forces in the material world. The Demiurge and his angels (aeons). From a form of governing known in Alexandria. Like the term 'Allogenes,' archons are used to explain pleromic entities in versions of the Gnostic explanations for creation, however they may be seen as evil forces. ''A Gnostic ruler, sometimes equivalent with the Demiurge. Archons are synonymous with ''princes of the world,'' in the ''Gospel of John.'' ''Basilides calls Archons, the heads of the spirit realms.''(''Gnostics,'' CWF Hegal) (See also; Gaffney, p. 240.) Archons are the prototype for Jung's allegory to ''archetypes.'' (See; Hoeller. See also; ''Hidden Wisdom,'' Smoley, Kinney, Penguin, 1999, Ch. 2.)

Arete: Means "virtue," or excellence. In Platonic ideal it is a reference to the importance of meaning above technical skill 'techne'. It denotes mythological value within a literate framework or craft. Later philosophical movements refer to this notion as "High Art" vs. "Low Art." (See; Craftsman.) See also; "Pistis Sophia,'' regarding learning of lower and higher mysteries. http://www.wsu.edu:8001/~dee/GLOSSARY/ARETE.HTM see also; http://www.theoi.com/Daimon/Arete.html  

Ariouth: A female ruler. ''The second order is called Ariouth the Æthiopian, a female ruler, who is entirely black, ... which stand under Ariouth the Æthiopian, that her regions are dissolved and ruined, and all the souls which are in her chastisements are carried off and cast back into the sphere anew, because they are ruined through her dark smoke and her wicked fire." www.webcom.com/gnosis/library/pistis-sophia/ps145.htm

Aristotle: Ancient Greek philosopher thought to have devised the "Square of Opposition" a device whereby logic can be graphed. The device was handed down in the philosophies of many and was generally known by Pre-Socratic Philosophers. http://www.iep.utm.edu/a/aristotl.htm

Ascetic: One who practices a renunciation, or change of worldly pursuits to achieve spiritual attainment. (See; ''The Birth of Christianity, Crossan, Harper, San Francisco, pg's, 270, 410-11.)

Asclepius: Name of Tractate 8, of Codex VI of the Nag Hammadi Lib., also known as "The Perfect Teachings." Also name of main character of the text. The text is Hermetic, and related to the "Discourse of the 8th and 9th." (See also; ''Kybalion,'' Three Initiates, Inner Traditions, 2004, List of Hermetic Principles.) http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/asclep.html

Authades: Authority (heavenly/pleromic) in ''The Pistis Sophia'' (Askew Codex) who casts emanations in the 'pleromic' realm, and has powers over archons, aeons, and other entities including in the Heimarene. Word 'Authades' may mean 'thought.' (See; Sabaoth.)

Autogenes: "Self Generated," in reference to the first Aeon or the guiding light. May refer to the growth of a monad into a genus and species type form and structure. (See; Monogene, and Allogene.)

Avatar: A term used in literalist works, meaning a messenger from a divine source who's purpose it is to exact revenge, or punishment. An avenger. Gnostic demons (messengers) are called forms, and reflect darkness or four levels of agnosia, or aponoia in a person's mental state. Also a Hindu term referring to
an incarnation of a deity.
Avatars are not mentioned in Sethian works, (See; ''Seven Forms of Wrath,'' ''Gospel of Mary.'' See also; Tarturos.)

Baptism: Ritual purification. (See; Baptism A. and B. NHL.) ''Therefore baptism is called death and an end of the old life when we take leave of the evil principalities, but it is also called life according to Christ, of which he issole Lord. But the power of the transformation of him who is baptised does not concern the body but the soul, for he who comes up <out of the water> is unchanged. From the moment when he comes up from baptism he is called a servant of God even by the unclean spirits and they now "tremble" at him whom shortly before they obsessed.'' (Theodotus, Criddle Collection, See also; from ''Pistis Sopia.'' http://www.webcom.com/cgi-bin/glimpse  

Barbelo (BARBHLW): Synonymous with Bythos. Generally the first aeon, body or voice in the Sethian creation myth; "the first virginal emanation," it may have an androgynous connotation, but represents a Gnostic version of Yin, and Yang, and the sexual energy called 'Jing'. (See Allogenes, Tractate 3, Codex XI, of the Nag Hammadi Lib. See also: Pistis Sophia, Ch. 8, BK 1, Askew Codex. See also: ''Apocryphon of John,'' ''Marsenes,'' ''The Gospel of the Egyptians,'' ''Melchizedek,'' ''The Gospel of Judas,'' Trimorphic Protennoia,'' ''The Three Steles of Seth, and Zostrianos'') "I cast into her the first power which I had received from the Barbelo, which is the body which I wore in the height." (''Pistis Sophia'') ''And I saw holy powers by means of the Luminaries of the virginal male Barbelo telling me that I would be able to test what happens in the world:'' (Allogenes) ''Great is the first aeon, male virginal Barbelo, the first glory of the invisible Father, she who is called perfect." (''The Three Steles of Seth'') ''O Mother of the aeons, Barbelo! O first-born of the aeons, splendid Doxomedon Dom[...]! O glorious one, Jesus Christ!' (''Melchizedek'')

Bardesanes: (155-233 A.D.) Bardesanes, or Bar-daisan (so called from the river Daisan (the Leaper), on the banks of which he was born), was born at Edessa, on July 11th, 155 A.D., and died, most probably in the same city, in 233, at the age of 78. His parents, Nuhama and Nahashirama, were nobles. He became a follower of Valentinus, and is called by some the ''Last of the Gnostics. His most famous work was a collection of 150 Hymns or Psalms on the model of the Psalm-collection of the second temple, as still preserved in the Old Covenant documents. He is known for qualifying free will. ''And that everything is not in our own Free-will, that is that Free-will is not absolute, is plainly visible in everyday experience. Fortune also plays its part, but is not absolute, and Nature also. Thus "we men are found to be governed by Nature equally, and by Fortune differently, and by our Free-will each as he wishes." http://www.sacred-texts.com/gno/fff/fff57.htm

Basilisk; A legendary serpent or dragon with lethal breath and glance. (American Heritage Dictionary.)http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/basilisk See; ''The Pistis Sophia.''

Barnabus: (?-100 c) (Barnabas) Companion to Paul and many others who founded early Christian churches, and made various journeys. Wrote the "Epistle of Barnabus," which was rejected for the Christian canon. Was the Uncle of Mark. (See; "The Lost Books of the Bible,'' Eden, LB Press. 1926-01.) http://www.catholic-forum.com/saintS/saintb12.htm

Basilides: (?-138) An Alexandrian Gnostic who formed sects around 120 to 138. Known to be associated with Valentinus, and Mathias, and other early Christian leaders. May have also had knowledge of Dositheos and others associated with Simon Magus, or Gnosticism in Samaria. He is associated with Sethian works by Theodotus, and Clement. Thought to have had knowledge of both mystical and Hellenistic philosophy. (See also; ''The Other Bible,'' by Barnstone, Harper, 1980; See also; ''Stromata.'') http://essenes.net/new/Basilides2.html  http://essenes.net/new/budgnostics.html  http://essenes.net/new/Basilides5.html

Beatitudes: Sayings which confer good fortune for the designated person or a characteristic of. Usually beatitudes are marked by the beginning, "Blessed are," or an equivalent. Their opposites are 'warnings' which are marked by the saying 'Woe to' or an equivalent. www.newadvent.org/cathen/02371a.htm  

Boubastis: Another name for Aphrodite. ''Boubastis, who is called in the world Aphroditē, cometh, and she cometh to the third æon of the sphere which is called the Twins, then the veils which are between those of the Left and those of the Right, draw themselves aside...''The Pistis Sophia.'' www.newadvent.org/cathen/03025b.htm

Boule: Refers to the "will" of God which in turn leads to the word (Logos) of God in some Gnostic contexts. Not a common term in Sethian texts. (Nygren)

Bythos: Synonymous with Barbelo. The ''Depth' or "Void". Its the "primal ground" and the pre-beginning forefather. May denote the void between dualities, like Yin and Yang, Pronoia, and Protophanes, Pleroma, and Kenoma, but the term is not generally found in Sethian works. "According to other Gnostics, for example Valentinus, the first principle is also called Aeon or the unfathomable, the primeval depth, the absolute abyss, bythos, in which everything is sublimated (aufgehoben) before the beginning (proárche) or before the Father (propátor). Aeon is the activator." ([An excerptfrom Hegel's ''Lectures on the History of Philosophy,'' translated by Scott Thompson, from G.W.F. Hegel's ''Vorlesungen über die Geschichte der Philosophie'ii ,'' (Theorie Werkausgabe, Bd. 19), Frankfurt a.M., Suhrkamp Verlag, 1977, 426-430]

Cassianus, Julius: A Christian teacher in Egypt, around 170. In ''Stromateis (III.13.91-92), is Clement's citation it is also to be noted that Julius Cassianus quotes from the apocryphal gospel so-called "According to the Egyptians" to support his understanding that intercourse is not from God--a position which he understood, though dubiously, was taught by the Saviour (apud Grant 1946: 52-53; cf. Aland 1978: 336): <Jesus said to Salome> "When you conceal the garment of shame, and when the two become one, and the male with the female is neither male nor female." He is said to have been associated withencratites, and doceticism.  http://www.dacb.org/stories/egypt/julius_cassianus.html

Catechise: Refers to spiritual or religious instruction given to an initiate. (See; Pantaenus, Clement of Alexandria.)

Cathars: (Also known as Albigensians) A Christian sect destroyed by the Catholic Crusaders during the Albigensian Crusade. They derived their teaching from the Bogomils an Eastern European group arising about 900 AD. The Cathars were a dualistic and gnostic sect in northern Italy and southern France in the late Middle Ages of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. "Cathar" comes from the Greek word katharos meaning pure. There was two classes of believers -- the elite Perfect (Parfaits); and the believers (croyants, or in Latin, credentes). www.gnosistraditions.faithweb.com/mont.html

Carpocrates: (100?-150 CE); Formed a sect in Alexandria known as Carpocrations. Possible successor to Samaritan Simon Magus. He taught reincarnation in his Gnostic philosophy. An individual had to live many lives and adsorb a full range of experiences before being able to return to God. They practiced free sexuality. They believed that Jesus was the son of Joseph. They questioned the docetic aspects attributed to Jesus. (See; "Sromata,'' Bk 3.) http://www.antinopolis.org/carpocrates.html

Cebes: (circa 350?-400? B.C.) Greek philosopher, thought to be a student of Socrates noted for his beliefs that the soul is worn like a garment. Also argued against Socrates immortality of the soul. www.sparknotes.com/philosophy/phaedo/terms/char_3.html

Celsus: A pagan writer who wrote against Christianity in, "True Discourse" (or, True Reason). This polemic against the Christians was composed in approximately 178 CE. Celsus criticized the Christians for believing in blind faith rather than reason. www.newadvent.org/cathen/03490a.htm

Cerinthus: A first century leader of the Ebionites, who were a Jewish sect somewhat like early Christian Gnostics who argued various aspects of Christian theology. Cerinthus is noted in the early history of the Christian church as being a "heresiarch" or leader of a heretical sect. None of his writings survives. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03539a.htm  

Chaldeans: The Chaldeans were a Semitic people of Arabian origin, who spoke Aramaic, who settled in southern Mesopotamia in the early part of the first millennium BC. The 11th dynasty of the Kings of Babylon (6th century B.C.) is conventionally known to historians as the Chaldean Dynasty. Chaldea, "the Chaldees" of the ''KJV Old Testament,'' was a Hellenistic designation for a part of Babylonia. One early such reference is to the impending sack of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II (Habakkuk 1:6). The Hebrew name for ancient Chaldeans was Kasdim. http://www.crystalinks.com/chaldea.html See; ''The Chaldean Oracles of Zoroaster,'' See; Oracle, Monad, and ''The Chaldean Oracles,'' by G.R.S. Mead, http://www.gnosis.org/library/grs-mead/grsm_chaldean.htm

 Charaxio: The name of the Mountain where Seth (Sethius) placed his writings, a place where the sun does not rise. Place where Michar, Mnesinous, and Micheus, preside over the Spring of Life, for baptism.

 Chastisements: Judgements or punishments for sinners. "Say unto them: Renounce the whole world and the whole matter therein and all its care and all its sins, in a word all its associations which are in it, that ye may be worthy of the mysteries of the Light and be saved from all the chastisements which are in the judgments.'' Chastisements result from litigiousness, evil conversation, and doctrines of error."Say unto those who teach the doctrines of error and to every one who is instructed by them: Woe unto you, for, if ye do not repent and abandon your error, ye will go into the chastisements of the great dragon and of the outer darkness, which is exceedingly evil, and never will ye be cast [up] into the world, but will be non-existent until the end.'' (''The Pistis Sophia'') Cherubim: A winged celestial being. b. cherubim Christianity The second of the nine orders of angels in medieval angelology. cherubic (ch-rbk) , cherubically, pl. cherubim (chr-bm, -y-bm) (See; Seraphim) http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/cherub   


Choic: (choikus) "Earthly" similar to "hylic." (Nygren)

Chrestois: Those considered good, (protected in the kingdom) according to Clement of Alexandria, (See; Bk. 2 "Stromata.") http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02102.htm

Chrism: The annointment with oil. (See; ''On the Anointing.'' NHL) ''The chrism is superior to baptism, for it is from the word "Chrism" that we have been called "Christians," certainly not because of the word "baptism". And it is because of the chrism that "the Christ" has his name. For the Father anointed the Son, and the Son anointed the apostles, and the apostles anointed us.'' (''Gospel of Philip.'') http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/gop.html

Christology: The study of Christ, and various aspects of Jesus' existence. www.newadvent.org/cathen/14597a.htm  

Clement of Alexandria: (?-215 A.D.) Greek theologian, writer, and head of the Catechetical School of Alexandria. Clement succeeded his teacher Pantaenus about A.D. 190, and took over the direction of the school. Wrote "Stromata" in which he makes various assessments of others including Basilides, Plato,Valentinus, and Gnostic beliefs. Declared that the Gnostic seeks to become God. (See also;
Clement's ''Instructor,'' which is more of an Orthodox work, compared to ''Stromata.'') http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/clement.html  http://www.ntcanon.org/Clement.shtml

Clement of Rome: (30-100 A.D.) According to Tertullian and Jerome, Clement of Rome was ordained by Peter and became the fourth Pope of Rome. He was the author of an "Epistle to the Corinthians," the only known manuscript of which is appended to the Alexandrian Codex, now in the British Museum. (The work appears to be oriented to Orthodox epistemologies, like Clement of Alexandria's
''Instructor.'') www.newadvent.org/cathen/04012c.htm

Codex: Refers to a book like form of a writing collection, as opposed to a scroll. (Askew Codex, Bruce Codex, Berlin, etc.) The Nag Hammadi Library, is written in 'codices.'

Colorbasus (Colarbasus):  A second century Gnostic and student of Valentinus. Colarbasus, along with Marcus, another disciple of Valentinius, maintained the whole plenitude, and perfection of truth and religion, to be contained in the Greek alphabet; and that it was for this reason that Jesus was called the Alpha and Omega. ''Certain, adhering partly to these, as if having propounded great conclusions, and supposed things worthy of reason, have framed enormous and endless heresies; and one of these is Colarbasus, who attempts to explain religion by measures and numbers. And others there are (who act) in like manner, whose tenets we shall explain when we commence to speak of what concerns those who give heed to Pythagorean calculation as possible; and uttering vain prophecies, hastily assume as secure the philosophy by numbers and elements.'' (Hippolytus) ''Those of them, however, who are deemed more skilful than the persons who have just been mentioned, say that the first Ogdoad was not produced gradually, so that one AEon was sent forth by another, but that all(7) the AEons were brought into existence at once by Propator and his Ennoea. He (Colorbasus) affirms this as confidently as if he had assisted at their birth. Accordingly, he and his followers maintain that Anthropos and Ecclesia were not produced,(8) as others hold, from Logos and Zoe; but, on the contrary, Logos and Zoe from Anthropos and Ecclesia.'' (Irenaeus, ''Against Heresies,'' Bk. 1.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colarbasians

Corporeal: Composed of flesh or being of matter in the animate, earthly or material way. There are various different beliefs in Christianity and Gnosticism of the non-corporeal, or docetic state.

Cosmogony: Study of the cosmos and cosmic order, or in Gnostic terms the Pleroma, in contrast with the earthly state.

Cosmology: Study of the physical universe and its governing laws.

Cosmotractor: Designer of the cosmos, or another term for God or Demiurge. (''The Second Treatise of the Great Seth.'') http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cosmocrator

Craftsman: A term used to connote Gnostic attainment. The term is also used in regard to creation. "All things were made through Him," means that it was the Word who caused the Craftsman (Demiurge) to make the world, that is it was not the Word "from whom" or "by whom," but the one "through whom (all things were made).". . The term also refers to men, ''The official was the Craftsman, for he himself ruled like a king over those under him.'' (Heracleon) " Clement of Alexandria explains ''.....correct expounders of the truth, are Gnostics. Since also, in what pertains to life, Craftsmen are superior to ordinary people, and model what is beyond common notions; so, consequently, we also, giving acomplete exhibition of the Scriptures from the Scriptures themselves, from faith
persuaded by demonstration." (Clement. "Stromata" Bk. 7.) http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/02107.htm

Countenance: Appearance, especially the _expression of the face, or a look or _expression indicative of encouragement or of moral support. ''Then from the harmony, in a joyous willingness which had come into being, they brought forth the fruit, which was a begetting from the harmony, a unity, a possession of the Totalities, revealing the countenance of the Father, of whom the aeons thought as they gave glory and prayed for help for their brother with a wish in which the Father counted himself with them.'' (''Tripartite Tractate.'') http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/countenance

Daimon: Greek Mythology 1. An inferior deity, such as a deified hero. ''Trismegistus, who are these (daimons)? Asclepius, they are the ones who are called 'stranglers', and those who roll souls down on the dirt, and those who scourge them, and those who cast into the water, and those who cast into the fire, and those who bring about the pains and calamities of men.'' (See; ''Asclepius'')http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/daimon;_ylt=AlhfeDXJ.ud0vdAbvf.MOh.sgMMF  

Decalogue: A set or unit of ten related things. A term used by Clement of Alexandria..."And the Decalogue, viewed as an image of heaven, embraces sun and moon, stars, clouds, light, wind, water, air, darkness, fire. This is the physical Decalogue of the heaven. And the representation of the earth contains men, cattle, reptiles, wild beasts; and of the inhabitants of the water, fishes and whales; and again, of the winged tribes, those that are carnivorous, and those that rise mild food; and of plantslikewise, both fruit-bearing and barren. This is the physical Decalogue of the earth. And there is a ten in man himself: the five senses, and the power of speech, and that of reproduction; and the eighth is the spiritual principle communicated at his creation; and the ninth the ruling faculty of the soul; and tenth, there is the distinctive characteristic of the Holy Spirit, which comes to him through faith. " See also Decalogue by Philo; http://thriceholy.net/Texts/Decalogue.html  

Deep: (Bythos) The term 'deep,' refers to the concept of parent or parents.  The term is used in the ''Untitled Text of the Bruce Codex.'' This is from Irenaeus, ''Adversus Heraeses 1.8.5.'' '' Ptolemy interpreted the prologue of John's gospel (Jn 1:1-14) "Parent" is usually called "Father" or "the Deep." "Loveliness" is usually called "Silence." Tertullian, uses the term 'depth.'

Demiurge: Meaning 'Creator' in Greek. Thought to be the "Craftsman" or creator of the material world. (Heracleon) In Orthodox thought this is a supernatural entity or force, such as the appearance of God to Moses. In the Gnostic schema the Word refers to an order, and it may be a natural sort of intelligent design, related to wisdom, the earthly or kenomic state of the higher wisdom, or form from the Pleroma. The material state is considered less than the Pleromic, and highly flawed. Archons seem to be emanations from the Demiurge process, much like other emanations from the Pleroma. (See; Pleroma, Kenoma, Archon.)

Demons: Gnostic demons are elements of the psyche. "And the origin of the demons which are in the whole body is determined to be four: heat, cold, wetness, and dryness. And the mother of all of them is matter. And he who reigns over the heat (is) Phloxopha; and he who reigns over the cold is Oroorrothos; and he who reigns over what is dry (is) Erimacho; and he who reigns over the wetness (is) Athuro. And the mother of all of these, Onorthochrasaei, stands in their midst, since she is illimitable, and she mixes with all of them. And she is truly matter, for they are nourished by her.

"The four chief demons are: Ephememphi, who belongs to pleasure, Yoko, who belongs to desire, Nenentophni, who belongs to grief, Blaomen, who belongs to fear. And the mother of them all is Aesthesis-Ouch-Epi-Ptoe. And from the four demons passions came forth. And from grief (came) envy, jealousy, distress, trouble, pain, callousness, anxiety, mourning, etc. And from pleasure much wickedness arises, and empty pride, and similar things. And from desire (comes) anger, wrath, and bitterness, and bitter passion, and unsatedness, and similar things. And from fear (comes) dread, fawning, agony, and shame. All of these are like useful things as well as evil things. But the insight into their true (character) is Anaro, who is the head of the material soul, for it belongs with the seven senses, Ouch-Epi-Ptoe.''

Derdekeas: Male personage and son of the light, in the ''Paraphrase of Shem,'' ''I am Derdekeas, the son of the incorruptible, infinite Light."

Deucalion: Greek Mythology A son of Prometheus who with his wife, Pyrrha, built an ark and floated in it to survive the deluge sent by Zeus. The couple became the ancestors of the renewed human race. (American Heritage Dictionary) ''And God will say to Noah - whom the generations will call 'Deucalion.' (''The Apocalypse of Adam.'') http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/adam.html

Diatessaron: A harmony Gospel composed around 170, by Tatian. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/diatessaron.html  

Didache: Means literaly "The Teaching." The Didache, which originated about 110 CE, documents the emerging authority of the one great Gospel. the Didache gives instruction on how a Christian community should treat itinerant Christian prophets. (See; Early Christian Writings, Stanforth translation, Penquin, 1987.) http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/didache-roberts.html

Didascalia: "Catholic Teaching of the Twelve Apostles and Holy Disciples of Our Savior," is a Church Order, composed, according to recent investigations, in the first part, perhaps even the first decades, of the third century, for a community of Christian converts from Paganism in the northern part of Syria. Similar to the "Didache." http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/didascalia.html

Didrachmae: In reference to money or the process of using money. (See; ''Apochryphon of James.'')

Docetism: Meaning "image." Docetic refers to being non-corporeal, or not being composed of matter. (See; Julius Cassianus.)

Dositheos: Believed to be the founder of Samaritan Gnosticism in the first century, and associate of Simon Magus. Dositheans were a Gnostic sect which called "God" only 'Elohim' not 'Yehouah or Lord.' He is stated as the author of the "Three Steles of Seth." See; (NHL p. 396.) http://essenes.net/Dosithean.html

Doxomedon: Glorias aeon of the Word, or All where Christ rests. Doxo is a prefix denoting glory. Doxogenia= glorias begetter, Doxopania= glorias revealer, or revelation, Doxokaitia, or Doxokrator, means glorias ruler.  

Ebionites: A name used by early Jewish sects who were considered Christians. Tertullian believed the sect was started by Ebion in Jerusalem. The term Ebionite is also translated as the 'poor' in Hebrew. Iranaeus classified them as heretical. Those that believed the Jewish traditions should be incorporated
into Christianity are referred to as "Judaizers." The name is associated by some authorities with James the Just, and the blood relatives of Jesus who became early Christians. The term is also associated with Nazerenes. http://www.religiousstudies.uncc.edu/jdtabor/ebionites.html  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05242c.htm   http://www.geocities.com/faithofyeshua/who_are_ebionites_and_importance_for_christianity.htm

Echmoth: (Echamoth) Meaning a form of wisdom; "Echamoth is one thing and Echmoth, another. Echamoth is Wisdom simply, but (e) Echmoth is the Wisdom of death, which is the one who knows death, which is called "the little Wisdom". ("Gospel of Phillip, NHL.)

Ekousiai: Name of a Sethian authority in the Spirit World.

Elchasai: The Elcesaites, Elkasites, or Helkesaites were a sect of followers of Jesus in the third century, whose religion was a syncretism of Gnosticism and Jewish Christianity. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkasite http://biblestudy.churches.net/CCEL/FATHERS2/ANF05/ANF0513.HTM#P2237_708984

Enlightenment: Refers to a state of being; described in Chinese/Oriental classics that reflects the same kinds of mental changes, 'awareness,' or 'Satroi' as in Gnosis. ''The Enlightenment refers to a movement in philosophy that advocated the untrammeled use of reason to establish truth. The movement challenged traditional authority, doctrine, and values. Emphasis was placed on the empirical method employed by the sciences.'' (''The Five Gospels,'' by Funk, Hoover, Harrier-Collins, 1993, p. 544.) ''For scientific knowledge is necessary both for the training of the soul and for gravity of conduct; making the faithful more active and keen observers of things. For as there is no believing without elementary instruction, so neither is there comprehension without science.'' (Quote from Theodotus, See; Kirby, Criddle collections.) Criddle.http://neonostalgia.com/xtian/Extracts_from_Theodotus.htm

Ennead: Meaning nine in reference to the Sethian Monadology. The term is also used in ancient Egyptian. ''It is said that the Ennead, which was the 'seed and hand of Atum', becomes the 'teeth and lips of Ptah' and gives a name to each thing bringing it into existence. Divcine principles and qualities (the Ennead) can now ' enter into all the species of things - mineral, plant or animal - and become manifest through them.'' (Memphis) The term is used in Sethian works, to connote nine in the Sethian Monadology, and is used in the Untitled text in the ''Bruce Codex.'' ''....stretching out of the cross is the ennead on the right side and on the left. The sprouting and rest and love and resurrection and faith and rebirth and the seal. This is the ennead the ennead was manifested, whose names are these: Prôtia, Pandia, Pangenia, Doxophania (akatagnostos/not blamable), Doxogenia, Doxokratia, Arsenogenia (begetter of males), Lôia (God with us), Iouêl (God forever)), the mother of the ennead, which completes a decad from the monad of the ennead makes twelve enneads....''

Ennoia: Means "thought" Sophia in her high form as Pleromic, is the first thought (so she is the first Aeon, or Pleroma, and the last one as well). Creation happens in the triad of thought, word, and action. (See; 'Tripartite Tractate.') http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/tripart.htm

Epiphanes: Son of Carpacrotes of Alexandria. Died at age 17. Clement stated that Epiphanes had been taught the way of the ''Monad.'' "But the followers of Carpocrates, and Epiphanes think wives should be common property.'' (See; Bk 3, of ''Stromata.'') His work ''Concerning Justice,'' can be read at; http://www.vinesbranch.com/view/?pageID=181476 http://www.gnosis.org/library/ephip.htm

Epiphanius: (310-403) ''In 367 his reputation for asceticism and learning brought about his nomination as Bishop of Constantia (Salamis) the metropolis of the Island of Cyprus. He wrote against Origen and Gnostics. He identified the existence of the Gospel of Judas Iscariot,'' and ''Birth of Mary,'' {''Gospel of Mary''} which he says describes horrible and deadly things. (He admits to not having seen the Gnostic texts, but claims to know about them. ) He wrote in regard to an unidentified Gnostic Gospel.... ''Another Gospel (?) of similar tendancy was that which was used by the nameless "Adversary of the Law, and the Prophets' {Gnostics} whom Augustine refutes, and from which the following is quoted. '' The Apostles having asked the Lord what they were to think about the Jewish prophets, who were thought in the past to have fortold his coming, he was troubled that they even yet had such thoughts, and answered: Ye have given up (let go) the living on who is before your eyes and talk idly of the dead." Epiphanius, also identifies the ''Apocalypse of Paul,'' as being a book writtenby Canites, or Cananites, (Canaanites) and used by Gnostics. Paul is quoted in the text to have been taken up to the level of the ''Third Heaven,'' which corresponds to the Nag Hammadi text. It does not correspond to the other ''Apocalypse of Paul,'' which fragments exist in Greek, Latin, and Coptic. The Canaanites were an ancient tribe that lived in the basic area that is Israel today. ( "The New Testament Apocrypha,'' James, Apocryphile Press, pages 19- 20, 525, 575.) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13393b.htm ,
www.mustardseed.net/html/pecanaanites.html

Epinoia: Means "insight" as it comes from the higher connections of spirit, portrayed as a Pleromic emination . It can be translated as "wisdom" in the modern sense of the word. Without it one cannot gain Gnosis. This 'insight' refers to, metanoia, (change of mind), and self-knowledge of the soul, which is merged with the 'light' or Sophia, in the act of Gnosis. (See; the "Apocryphon of John," See also; Metenoia.)

Eros: The love that comes from the desire to reunite. It is a passion contrast with agape which is compassion). Eros originates when the Demiurge sees "light Adam" or the primal man (See; Anthropos, Agape.)

Esaldaios: Name that the Naassenes used for the Demiurge.

Essenes: Jewish communal sect known as free thinkers at the time of Jesus. They were said by Josephus to have combined Pythagoran, and Stoic theory, with ascetic virtues, and spiritual knowledge with divine law. In Masada, the Essenes were the keepers and/or writers (some works) of the 'Dead Sea Scrolls.'  http://essenes.net/bnei1.htm

Eucharist: See Eucharist A., and B., in the Nag Hammadi Library. ", ''Pistis Sophia by Mead...."And Jesus said unto them: "Bring me fire and vine branches." They brought them unto him. He laid out the offering, and set down two wine-vessels, one on the right and the other on the left of the offering. He disposed the offering before them, and set a cup of water before the wine-vessel on the right and set a cup of wine before the wine-vessel on the left, and laid loaves according to the number of the disciples in the middle between the cups and set a cup of water behind the loaves."

Jesus explaineth the vision of fire and water, and wine and blood. Jesus,--that is Aberamenthō,--said unto his disciples: "Amēn, I say unto you: I have brought nothing into the world when I came, save this fire, this water, this wine and this blood. I have brought the water and the fire out of the region of the Light of the lights of the Treasury of the Light; and I have brought the wine and the blood out of the region of Barbēlō. And after a little while my father sent me the holy spirit in the type of a dove. "And the fire, the water and the wine are for the purification of all the sins of the world. The blood on the other hand was for a sign unto me because of the human body which I received in the region of Barbēlō, the great power of the invisible god. The breath on the other hand advanceth towards all souls and leadeth them unto the region of the Light.. And for this cause I took also a cup of wine, blessed it and give it unto you and said: 'This is the blood of the covenant which will be poured out for you for the forgiveness of your sins." (P.S. Bk. 5.)

Eugnosis: Freely developing (gnosis.)

Eusebius: ( 260-341 A. D.) Eusebius Pamphili, Bishop of Cæsarea in Palestine, known as the "Father of Church History." Known to have been counsel to Emperor Constantine who converted the Roman Empire to Christianity. Was an anti-Gnostic,who carried on the teachings of Irenaeus, and Hippolytus against heretics. ''At the opening of the Council of Nicæa Eusebius occupied the first seat on the right of the emperor, and delivered the inaugural address which was couched in a strain of thanksgiving to Almighty God on his, the emperor's behalf." (New Advent, Catholic Encyc., Online.) http://www.earlychurch.org.uk/eusebius.php

Exegesis: An explanation of a passage, or word. It is related to allegory and translation of scripture.

Exousiai: Name for the powers of the entities in the Pleroma. (See "Pistis Sophia.") Referred to as rulers and wicked powers in the "1st Book of Jeu."

Fasting: ''Fasting according to the signification of the word, is abstinence from food. Now food makes us neither more righteous nor less. But mystically it shows that, as life is maintained in individuals by sustenance, and want of sustenance is the token of death; so also ought we to fast from worldly things, that we may die to the world, and after that, by partaking of divine sustenance, live to God. Especially does fasting empty the soul of matter, and make it, along with the body, pure and light for the divine words. Worldly food is, then, the former life and sins; but the divine food is faith, hope, love, patience, knowledge, peace, temperance. For "blessed are they that hunger and thirst after" God's "righteousness; for they shall be filled." The soul, but not the body, it is which is susceptible of this craving.'' (Theodotus/Kirby Collection.)

Firmament: The vault or expanse of the heavens; the sky. (See; ''Eugnostos, the Blessed.'') http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/firmament

Garment: Meaning clothing, but in Gnostic terms can mean the flesh covering the body. Sometimes used in various references to wearing the soul or the idea of social position as a philosophical covering. From the Un-named text in the Bruce Codex: "This is Man, begotten of mind (nous) ', to whom thought gave form. It is thou who hast given all things to Man. And he has worn them like garment."

''Chelkeach, who is my garment, who has come from the Astonishment, who was in the cloud of the Hymen which appeared, as a trimorphic cloud. Ane Chelkea is my garment which has two forms, he who was in the cloud of Silence. And Chelke is my garment which was given hem from every region; it was given him in a single form from the greatness, he who was in the cloud of the middle region and the star of the Light which surpassed the thought and teh tetimony of those who bear witness.'' (''The Paraphrase of Shem.'')

Gehenna: Meaning hell, hades, sheol, in Gnostic terms hell is, the darkness, desire, and ignorance of Agnosia. In the ''Gospel of Judas,'' Satan is Saklas, meaning foolishness. (See Tartaros, See also the ''Gospel of Mary'' for the 'forms of wrath;' See also; ''The Five Gospels,'' p. 544.)

Gematria: The study or science and art of number and letter manipulation. This would include geometric forms such as the Tetraktys of the Decad. ''I {Jesus} have turned their (periods of) influence and their quadrangles and their triangles and their figures of eight , since their (periods of) influence remained turned to the left from the beginning, together with their quadrangles and their triangles and their figures of eight.'' (''Pistis Sophia,'' See also; Tetraktys of the Decad.'' See also; ''Marsenes.'' )

Geradama: A masculine reference to an emanation in the ''Three Steles of Seth,'' and a female emanation in ''Zostrianos.'' ''I bless thee, Father Geradama(s), I, as thine (own) Son, Emmacha Seth, whom thou didst beget without begetting, as a blessing of our God; for I am thine (own) Son.... Thou art Mirotheas (glorias mother); thou art my Mirotheos.'' (''Three Steles of Seth.," ''Zostrianos.'')

Glaucius: Glaucius and Mark, if by only legend where employed in recording the records of Peter, in Alexandria, around 44 C. E. (See; Works of Henry Barclay Swete, 1835-1917.) Glaucius, according to Clement was ''master of Basilides and interpreter of Peter. (''Stromata, VII, Ch. XXVII.) http://www.meetingpoint.org/~swete/index.htm?head.html~henry  

Gnosis: While the literal translation for this word is "knowledge", it's meaning is closer to "insight" or, to use another concept, "enlightenment." It may imply more in some cases than a purely intellectual understanding. It may imply complete comprehension that comes from both rational and intuited means. Gnosis is bonding the soul (nous) with wisdom, in both Sethian,Valentinian, and other Gnostic schema, which link this act through Jesus. The process of Gnosis may have different schema, or criteria as to secular practices. The process of Gnosis seems to be transitional or a transcendence in a learned process.

Gnostic: A person regarded as a student of Gnosis. Can refer to specific sects mentioned by historians, and heresiologists, The term can be used as a category for a number of sects and individuals that believed "Gnosis" had a salvational purpose. Gnostic sects are known to have existed in pre-Christian Jewish communities and later in Christian movements, according to information in the "Nag Hammadi" text by Robinson. Gnostic views differ, as do secular characters of the Pleroma in the creation myths. The term or versions of it, are used very early in regard to Christian learning, this quote from Book 3 of Clement of Alexandria's "Stromata." "Joannis autem vitae institutum gnosticum quis imitabitur?"

Gnosticism: The word was adapted by modern scholars to refer to the sects of the 'Late Antiquities' that shared a similar cosmology and soteriology. More recently the definition has been widened in some circles to mean any form of mysticism or esotericism. Gnostic scenarios both differ, and are alike in the cosmic reasoning for the creation, making them 'creation myths.' Gnostic texts use different names for the characters of the creation stories for characters from the Palermo. Gnostics all believe that man, through learning the perspectives of his psyche, earthly, and pleromic self can attain life after death in a corporeal state by bonding with the higher entities. The 'Light,' ' Sophia,' (Wisdom). (See also; ''The Five Gospels,'' by Funk, Hoover, Harpper-Collins, 1993, p. 544.)

Gospel: Means 'good news.' Gospels were used to relate evangelistic teachings. Gnostic writings appear to have been based upon all existing Gospels attributed to Apostles. Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John, as well as Pauline letters are mentioned in some Gnostic texts. The ''Gospel of Thomas'' appears to be a main source of Bible Gospel, and Jesus reference in the Nag Hammadi collection, as well as other Gnostic works. The ''Gospel of Mary,'' and the ''Gospel of Phillip'' are in the Nag Hammadi Lib. The ''Gospel of Phillip''contains some New Testament references. , Jn 6:53, 8-32, 8-34, Mt. 3-10, 3-15,15-13, 16-17, Paul, 1 Co 8-1, 1 P 4-8. See also ''The Gospel of Judas,'' and ''The Gospel of Truth, and Gospel of the Egyptians.''

Hamarcia: (hamartolos) Meaning to have a fatal flaw, or to be a sinner.

Haptomai: (hapto) Meaning to attach to or set on fire.

Hebdomas: The kingdom of the "Seven", referring to the spheres of the planets and thus the Archons in the creation myths. Refers to seven 'types' in texts like the ''Gospel of Mary.'' Considered below the Ogdoad, but is in succession with the sequence of the monad to decad, and is a '7th form' in the Sethian Monadology. (See also the "Book of Jue," and Un-named text in the Bruce Codex, Sethian Monadology. See also; ''The Gospel of Mary,'' Ch. 8., ''The Seven Powers of Wrath.'' See also; Sabaoth.)

Hegesippus: (110- 180 C.E.) Considered a Palestinian Jew, who later converted to Christianity, but was anti-Gnostic. Under Pope Anicetus (155-166) he undertook a journey to compare Christian teachings in the Roman Empire. He wrote about these assessments in his books called "Memoirs" of which only fragments exist today. He was said to be a poor writer. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/hegesippus.html

Heimarene: Original Greek means 'choice.' Literally "destiny." Some Gnostics believed hylics are controlled by the spheres of the stars, which represent different base drives. Destiny in this sense does not apply to the Gnostic, who has broken past such connections, in becoming Pleromic through the living resurrection.

Heracleon: A Valentinean Gnostic Sage, possibly from Sicily, who flourished around 120? A.D. He declared that, ''the orthodox church was dogmatic and like unourishing stagnant water.'' Origen and Clement preserved some of his commentary on the ''Gospel of John,'' and others of which some fragments still exist. (See; ''Fragments of Heracleon.'') http://www.sacred-texts.com/gno/fff/fff56.htm

Heresy: Used to describe Gnosticism and other secular Christians by the Catholic church. The original Greek meaning is 'choice.' Usually established by declaration, but anything not approved by the 'church' could be considered heresy. Simon Magus is most often held out as a heretic. Tertullian, accuses him of using 'Helen,' as a ruse, in his work ''The Treatise of The Soul.'' Clement of Alexandria regards Marcion and some other 'Gnostics,' as heretics. (See; Iranaeus, Simon Magus, See also; Hippolytus, Tertullian.)

Hermeneutics: The science of interpretation, or interpretation theory.

Hermes Trimegistos: Character in ''Asclepius,'' and ''Discourse of the 8th and 9th.'' (NHL)Regarded as related to the ancient God Hermes. Hermes Trimegistos, is mentioned in several Jewish works as knowing Abraham, and mentioned by Solomon. (See also; ''The Kybalion,'' Three Initiates, Inner Traditions, 2004.) See; http://www.gnosis.org/library/hermes2.html in regard to the Hermetic text ''Asclepius,'' and compare to the ''Asclepius'' text in the Nag Hammadi Library. Hermas: Reference to the ''Shepherd of Hermas.'' (Hermes). http://www.gnosis.org/library/hermas.htm  

Hippolytus: (180-230) 3rd Century Roman Christian leader who wrote "Philosophoumena," and other refutations against heresy much directed against Gnosticism. Known to have been associated with Tertullian in standing against some Gnostic beliefs. Hippolytus wrote ''The Refutation of All Heresies,'' where in Book 5, he discloses the Sethians, and Naassenes (See ; Iranaeus, See also; ''Gnostic Secrets of the Naassenes,'' by Gaffney, Inner Traditions, 2004.) http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/hippolytus.html

Hylic: "Of matter." Can be thought of as a level of thinking, dealing with the lowest portion of human nature. It is considered living by instinctual drives with no sublimation. Hylics, choikus, sarkics, etc. are said to be below 'Psychics' which are below 'Gnostokoi,' the highest order of transcendence according to Valentinian and other Gnostic teaching. The world of the psychic, is still in the realm of the hylics in most Gnostic scenarios because existence in the earthly state separates one from the pleroma. (See; Psychic, Kenoma. Pleroma.)

Hypishrone: Name (fem.) meaning "high minded one." Title of Tractate 4, Codex XI, of the Nag Hammadi Lib.

Hypostasis: Means 'reality' as in "Hypostasis of the Archons," Reality of the Rulers." (See; II.4 of the Nag Hammadi Lib.)

Ichthus: A reference to Jesus Christ, which connotes him as the fish, or one who feeds the hungry. See; ''The Gospel of the Egyptians,'' and ''The Teachings of Silvanus.''

Ignatius: (50-100 A. D.) Also called Theophorus, born in Syria. Ignatius was the third Bishop of Antioch, appointed by Peter. He was known to be close to Polycarp, and thought to have met the Apostle John. Is noted for coining the term Catholic. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07644a.htm

Ineffable: Means, 1. Incapable of being expressed; indescribable or unutterable. See Synonyms; unspeakable. 2. Not to be uttered; taboo: "the ineffable name of God." (American Heritage Dictionary)....''Moreover it is these who have known him who is, the Father, that is, the Root of the All, the Ineffable One who dwells in the Monad. He dwells alone in silence, and silence is tranquillity
since, after all, he was a Monad and no one was before him.'' (''A Valentinian Exposition.'')

Irenaeus: (130-202) Author of "Against Heresies" and other works. He was a main proponent against Gnosticism and is responsible for the early formation of Orthodox Christianity. He became Pope, (Bishop of Rome) after winning the position over Valentinus. He claimed Apostolic succession from having studied from Polycarp. (See; ''The Early Church,'' Chadwick, Penquin, 1993. See also; New Advent,
Online.) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08130b.htm

Isidore: Son of Basilides, who according to Hippolytus received special teaching from Mathias. He wrote trying to show that Greek philosophers borrowed from the Prophets. He also held that passions emanated from a part of the soul. http://www.dacb.org/stories/egypt/isidore.html

Josephus: (38-107) A Jewish historian, and author of the "Jewish War" and "The Jewish Antiquities." Josephus recorded the existence of Jesus and early Christianity, his work is significant as a non-biblical record. http://members.aol.com/fljosephus/home.htm 

Jerome: (340-420) Prolific author. In his letter to Pammachius and Oceanus, he becomes a critic of Gnostics and Origen, although he is known to have studied the works of Valentinus, Marcion, Menander, and others. "On the ground taken by these persons we have no right to condemn Valentine, Marcion, or the Cataphrygians, or Manichaeus, none of whom are named by the council of Nicea,
and yet there is no doubt that in time they were prior to it.''  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08341a.htm  

Jesus: (?-33 CE) The Son of Joseph and Mary, and brother of James the Just, regarded as the founder or person for whom Christianity was formed Also called Saviour.

Jeu: (Yew) (IEOU) Character in "The Pistis Sophia" designated as the "Overseer of the Light" and angel of the 'Lord.' (See also Bruce Codex: "Books of Jeu.") Jeu is the name used for God in "Jue, Book One.'' Ioia= God with us.  Iouel= God forever. The book is a description to a meditation schema, apparently for the process or training for Gnosis. See also; ''The Pistis Sophia.''

John the Baptist: (5 B.C. 33 A.D.) Jewish prophet who in the New Testament baptized and prepared the way for Jesus. He was executed by Herod Antipas at the behest of Herod's daughter Salome. According to Heracleon John was a Levite. His father was Zacharius who officiated as a Priest in the Jewish Temple. His mother was Elizabeth, sister of Mary mother to Jesus. Among his followers were Dositheos, Matthias, Simon Magus, and many other disciples and witnesses to Jesus. See; ''The Cave of John the Baptist,'' by Simon Gibson, Doubleday, 2004. Mandaeans believe John the Baptist, called Yahya in the Sidra d-Yahia (Book of John), was the last and greatest of the prophets. While Mandaeans agree that he baptized Jesus (Yeshu), they reject the latter as either a saviour or prophet. And they viewed John as the only true Messiah. http://www.answers.com/topic/john-the-baptist

Justin Martyr: (100-165 C.E.) From Asia Minor. Teacher of Tatian, student of Platonic philosophy, and a Christian apologist. Wrote "Dialogue with the Jew Tryphon. "He was certainly not a genius nor an original thinker." A true eclectic, he draws inspiration from different systems, especially from Stoicism and Platonism. Weizsäcker (Jahrbücher f. Protest. Theol., XII, 1867, 75. New Advent.) Is known to have tried to study from a Pythagorean teacher who turned him down because he did not know music.  http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08580c.htm  

Kabbalah: A Jewish method of study based upon the ''Tree of Life,'' described as a 'map of human consciousness.' ''The literal Kabbalah, is that section concerned with the information contained in Kabbahlistic teachings, particularly those found in the Bible. It includes Gematria- the science and art of number and letter manipulation, and all forms of evocative reading of ''holy'' books using appropriate Kabbalistic codes and interpretations." (''The Complete Guide to The Kabbalah, '' Parfait, Rider, 2001. pg. 7.) "When a student delves into the study of the Kabbalah, he begins with the sefirot. From Malkhut to Ayin, they constitute a ladder of ascent "back to the One." Each seeker gains insights on the sefirot, one by one, and as they go up the divine body, they get closer and closer to knowing God."
(http://www.allsands.com/religious/jewish/kabbalahjewish_rau_gn.htm  http://en.wi\
kipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalah


Kalyptos: Hidden one. An aeon of the image. A state of being from the Aeon of the Barbelo, (The Deep) which has the ability of physical form in Sethian lore. May be written as an entity, but is more likely a description of a state of being in becoming mortal. ''He can [see] with his perfect soul those who belong to Autogenes; with his mind , those who belong to the Triple Male, and with his holy spirit, those who belong to Protophanes. He can learn of Kalyptos through the powers of the spirit from whom they have come forth in a far better revelation of the Invisible Spirit.'' (See Sethian, and Barbelo, See also the text, ''Zostrianos.'')

Kenoma: The earthly or hylic state of the being. In the Gnostic schema(s) the kenoma is the imperfect and the antithesis of pleroma (plhrwma), where all are in a state of privation and unreality. The term is not used directly in Sethian texts. (See Iren. Haer. I.4.I (M.7.480A); ib 1.4.2 (484A); Clem.exc.Thdot.31 (p117.11; M.9.676A); Thdt.haer.I.7 (4.298).

Kerygma: Refers to preaching or declaring proclamations. May also be a reference to 'charismata' a term used for socio-types with the personal quality of charisma.

Kenosis: A Greek term meaning emptiness, or to make empty. As in Philippians 2:7, "Jesus made himself nothing...'' http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenosis In Christian theology, Kenosis is the concept of the 'self-emptying' of one's own will and becoming entirely receptive to God and his perfect will. It is used both as an explanation of the incarnation, and an indication of the nature of God's activity and condescension.

Kronos: In Greek religion and mythology, the youngest Titan, son of Uranus and Gaea. With the help of his mother, he led the Titans in the revolt against Uranus and ruled the world. He married his sister Rhea and fathered the great gods–Zeus, Poseidon, Demeter, Hera, Hades, and Hestia. Because he was fated to be overthrown by one of his children, he swallowed them all as infants until Rhea hid Zeus and presented Kronos with a stone wrapped in a blanket, which he ate. Later Zeus tricked him into disgorging his children. Zeus then led the Olympian gods in overthrowing Kronos in the battle called the Titanomachy, described by Hesiod. Kronos and all the defeated Titans, except Atlas, were exiled. Kronos is equated with the Roman Saturn and was probably a god of a pre-Hellenic people. (see; ''The Pistis Sophia.'') http://education.yahoo.com/reference/encyclopedia/entry?id=26577


Kyclos: "Circles". Something like the circulation of energy of the Chakras of Kundalini, or the Ouroboros, the serpent like creature biting its own tail. A system of circulating or cycles of worlds, like the sun and moon, that effectboth heaven and earth. See also the diagrams of the Ophites, circles which
represent Father and Son.

Leviathan: The world serpent. This is kind of like the Ouroboros in the negative worldly aspect. Just as the Ouroborus refers to infinity and the cycle, Leviathan is inside the cycle. Some systems has them of basically the same thing with one referring to the inside, and the other the outside. (See; Kyklos) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leviathan  

Levite: In the Jewish tradition, a Levite is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. The Levites were the only one of the Israelite tribes who received cities but no tribal land when Joshua led the Israelites into the land of Canaan. The Tribe of Levi served particular religious duties for the Israelites and had political responsibilities as well. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levite ''The Jews sent priests and Levites to question John because it was fitting for these people to concern themselves with, and investigate these matters, for they were firmly devoted to God, and because he (John) was of the Levitical tribe.'' (Heracleon Frg. 5.) Acts 4: 36-37. ''And Joses, who by the apostles was surnamed Barnabas, (which is, being interpreted, the son of consolation,) a Levite, and of the country of Cyprus, (37) Having land, sold it, and brought the money, and laid it at the apostles' feet.'' See also; http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09206a.htm  

Light: (Light Bringers, Sons of Light) The aeons of the Protennoia, or Mother of Light, or Word in the Voice. The first aeon, Armedonfiltered=Nousanios=Arzomel. 2nd aeon, Phrinonios=Ainios= Oroial. 3rd aeon Mellephanes=Loios= Daveithai (David/Daveithe). 4th aeon, Maousanios=Amethes=Eleleth. (See; ''Trimorphic Protennoia,'' ''Gospel of the Egyptians,'' ''Allogenes,'' others.)

Lithargoel: Name used by the entity in ''The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles,'' who reveals himself as Jesus in the city of Habitation. http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/actp.html  

Logos: Often translated as "Word," it's true meaning is much more multifunctional (a better translation would be "reason"). Logos was an ancient Greek term referring to "reasoned speech," later adapted by the ''Gospel of John'' to signify Christ. Logos, Word, and Tao, are synonymous. (See; Pleroma, Cosmology, and Cosmogony.)

Mandaeanism: Pre-Christian, or first century Persian Gnostic (dualism) religion of the middle east that has survived into modern times. 'Manda' is from the Aramaic language which translates to 'gnosis' in Greek. They professed a kinshipto the teachings of "John the Baptist,'' and are said to exist today in Iraq. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandaeanism http://essenes.net/new/submandaeans.html

Mani: (216- 276 CE) founder of the religion of Manicheanism. Believed to have written or had part in the "Manichean Psalms of Thomas." See also; Manichaeaens http://essenes.net/bnei3.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mani_(prophet)

Manichoi: Meaning one who has become a solitary one, or unified. (Hoeller p. 151.)

Marcellina: (330-398 A.D.) The only sister of St. Ambrose of Milan. She was older than St. Ambrose, and was born most probably at Trier, where her father resided as "Praefectus Praetorio Galliarum." Mentioned to have led a Gnostic sect founded by Heracleon. http://www.catholic-forum.com/Saints/saintm2l.htm

Marcion: (85-160 CE) Marcion was son of the Bishop of Sinope in Pontus, Asia Minor. He organized a series of Gnostic congregations in the eastern Mediterranean which survived into the 3rd century CE. He wrote a book called "Antitheses" which earned him excommunication by the Christian leaders of Rome. He wrote the "Gospel of Marcion," and rejected Jewish influence in Christianity. He rejected the institution of marriage. He believed that the Demiurge arranged Jesus' persecution and crucifixion. But the death of Christ on the cross was only a hallucination, since Jesus did not have a physical body. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/marcion.html  

Marcionites: Followers of Marcion who formed a sect around 144 A.D. They rejected the idea of the Jewish God, and declared that Jesus was not the son of the Jewish creator. Considered by some to be Gnostic like in their understanding of dualism. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09645c.htm

Marcus: A student of Valentinus, and contemporary of Colorbasus, who devoted their attention to magical arts and the Pythagorean numbers. See ''Refutation of All Heresies,'' Book VI. by Hippolytus. http://www.gnosis.org/library/hyp_refut6.htm

Marsenes: Name of Tractate 1, Codex X, Nag Hammadi Lib. A Sethian writing also found in the Bruce Codex, also name of main character of the work, a Gnostic Prophet. http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/marsanes.html

Matthias: According to Clement of Alexandria, teachings of Matthias were used by Basilideans and perhaps other Gnostic groups. According to Hippolytus, Basilides and his son Isidore claimed to have learned from Matthias 'secret words,' which he had received in private teaching from the Saviour. A disciple called Mathias replaced Judas Iscariot in apostolic succession after the crucifixion of Jesus.
(May be the author who wrote the text, "The Book of Thomas the Contender.'') http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10066a.htm 

Meditation: The act of concentrating the mind for a specific purpose, or response. The act is different than contemplation in some contexts, in others it may mean the same. Sethian Gnostics rejected prayer as to an eminent power. They did use ''contemplation,'' or what we might call self-hypnosis today, which was aided by the use knowledge of the monad. (See Sethian Monadology)

Melchizedek: Name of Nag Hammadi text, Tractate 1, Codex IX., also name of the main character of the text, who names the "God most High," encountered by Abraham. Melchizedek, is called "the great Paralemptor of Light" (purifier) in "Pistis Sophia," (Askew Codex). Genisis 14.-18. ''And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine. And he was priest of God Most High.'' Psalms 110-4; '' Jehovah hath sworn, and will not repent: Thou art a priest for ever After the order of Melchizedek.'' http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/melchiz.html

Menander: Follower of Simon Magus, associated with Saturnis, who taught in Syria
and Antioch. (Hoeller p. 78-79.)

Merovingean: A pre 11th century Frankish Dynasty, the ''Priors of Zion,'' claim the Merovingean Dynasty is of the bloodline of Jesus Christ. This is the basis for the ''Da Vinci Code, by Dan Brown, and is largely fiction.

Metenoia: This is the "change of mind" or perspective that happens to the initiate in the process of Gnosis, or spiritual transcendence. ''It is turning the mind to the perception of the divine.'' ("Hara'' {Balance} by Durkheim, Inner Traditions, 2004, p. 131.)

Mirotheas: (Mirotheos, masc.) "the great light, the living power, the mother of the holy, incorruptible ones, the great power, Mirothoe." (See; ''Zostrianos,'' ''The Three Steles of Seth,'' ''Trimorphic Protennoia,'' and the ''Gospel of the Egyptians.'' http://www.kheper.net/topics/Gnosticism/archetypal_man.html

Monad: From the Greek word, meaning "one", "single" or "unique." It has ample descriptions according to different contexts: According to Pythagoras it was the first thing in existence. ''A Valentinian Exposition'' declares Father the 'Monad.' (See Sethian Monadology.) mo·nad; (mnd) n. 1. Philosophy; An
indivisible, impenetrable unit of substance viewed as the basic constituent element of physical reality in the metaphysics of Leibnitz. 2. Biology; A single-celled microorganism, especially a flagellate protozoan of the genus ''Monas.'' 3. Chemistry ; An atom or a radical with valence 1. (Online Webster's Dic. See also; Wikipedia.) The Monadic sequence to the Triad is expressed is by the ''Oracles of Zoroaster,'' which illuminates the sequence..... http://www.sacred-texts.com/eso/coz/index.htm

25. The Monad first existed, and the Paternal Monad still subsists.
26. When the Monad is extended, the Dyad is generated.
27. And beside Him is seated the Dyad which glitters with intellectual sections,
to govern all things and to order everything not ordered.
28. The Mind of the Father said that all things should be cut into Three, whose
Will assented, and immediately all things were so divided.
29. The Mind of the Eternal Father said into Three, governing all things by Mind.
30. The Father mingled every Spirit from this Triad.
31. All things are supplied from the bosom of this Triad.
32. All things are governed and subsist in this Triad
33. For thou must know that all things bow before the Three Supernals.
34. From thence floweth forth the Form of the Triad, being preexistent; not the
first Essence, but that whereby all things are measured.
35. And there appeared in it Virtue and Wisdom, and multiscient Truth.
36. For in each World shineth the Triad, over which the Monad ruleth.''
The "Three Supernals'' is perhaps a reference to the Kabbalah, but probably
refers to the state of Tripartite.

Monogenes: The "Only begotten." Probably means one thing, (one gene) that can grow into more complex things in the context of the Monadology, like the term Word, in the Sacred Tetrad. (See; Autogenes and Logos. See also; "A Valetinian Expostition.'') May also resemble the idea of meme. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meme


Monoimus: (150-210) Student of Tatain. He is known for coining the usage of the word 'Monad' for use in the Christian Gnostic context. However the study of the Monad, certainly preceded him, as the Zoroastrians, Pythagoreans, and Hermetics used the technology of the monad prior to Christianity, and was used by Sethians prior to Monoimus. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoimus

Montanus: Second Century founder of the Montanists, who held that the Holy Spirit was giving new revelations to the (his) Church. They made declarations against certain social practices, and practiced fasting, declared the sanctity of a single marriage. They were declared heretics by the 'Church' and rejected. It is doubtful that this sect could be considered Gnostic in terms of heresy that they were accused of by the Bishop of Rome. They were probably anti-Gnostic in spite of claims to the Holy Spirit. Tertullian is said to have joined this group in his later years. (See; Tertullian.) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10521a.htm  

Mythology: 1a. A body or collection of myths belonging to a people and addressing their origin, history, deities, ancestors, and heroes. b. A body of myths associated with an event, individual, or institution: "A new mythology, essential to the . . . American funeral rite, has grown up" (Jessica Mitford). mythologist, pl. mythologies http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/mythology There are several mythological characters named in the various Sethian texts, not included in this work. They include Greek, Pagan, Roman, Egyptian, and other sources. Barpharanges, Seldao, Zogenethlos, Iolaos, from ''Zostrianos,'' and several others in works like ''The Apocryphon of John,'' are among the obscure references that at this time cannot be interpreted as to the concepts of the texts in which they appear.

Nag Hammadi: (Naj Hammadi) Name of the Egyptian town where the Gnostic texts and scriptures were unearthed in 1947. Also refers to the Nag Hammadi Library. (NHL) See; Alphabetical index. http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/nhlalpha.html  

Norea: Fourth child of Adam and Eve. Again Eve became pregnant, and she bore Norea. And she said, "He has begotten on me a her, "Your mother Eve came to us." But Norea turned to them and said to them, also your mother Eve; for I have been given [...]." But Norea turned, with the might Norea said, "Who are you?" The rulers of unrighteousness had withdrawn from her.'' ''The Hypostasis of the Archons,'' See aslo; ''The Thought of Norea,'' NHL.

Nous: (Nus) "Mind", Sometimes nous is regarded as soul. Not the same as 'pneuma' or spirit. It is the part of the anima that gives us consciousness. The anima as a whole gives life (or literally movement.. "animates") to our bodies. Tatian declares the soul as a special kind of spirit. (See; Tatian's "Letter to the Greeks') http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/tatian-address.html

Numerology: The study of numbers, and their use in divination, revelation, or prediction. The I Ching is based upon the trigrams, or Ba Gua, as divinations based upon astrology and numerology. Trigrams that represent ''variations,'' instead of divinations can make the Tai Chi, and the Sethian Monadology a measurement instrument of enlightenment. (See; ''The History of Chinese Philosophy,'' Vol. 2., by Fun Yu-Lan, Princeton, 1953.)

Odes: (Odes of Solomon) is a book of the Bible found in the Septuagint manuscript. http://www.webcom.com/~gnosis/library/odes.htm

Ogdoad: Regarded in some texts as the "eighth kingdom above the hebdomas." It is the realm of the Demiurgos (or sometimes that is the 7th, with the eighth being that of Sabaoth), as well as usually being the realm of the zodiac (dodecon). Sometimes it is also seen as the beginning of freedom from the Archons, and the beginning of connection to the Aeons. Pythagoris says... "The ogdoad--8--was sacred because it was the number of the first cube, which form had eight corners, and was the only evenly-even number under 10 (1-2-4-8-4-2-1). Thus, the 8 is divided into two 4's, each 4 is divided into two 2's, and each 2 is divided into two 1's, thereby reestablishing the monad. Among the keywords of the ogdoad are love, counsel, prudence, law, and convenience. Among the divinities partaking of its nature were Panarmonia, Rhea, Cibele, Cadmæa, Dindymene, Orcia, Neptune, Themis, and Euterpe (a Muse)." (Thomas Taylor's Theoretic Arithmetic, Thought by one source to be the rarest and most important compilation of Pythagorean mathematical fragments extant.)

''... the Ogdoad, which is the eighth, and that we might receive that place of salvation." (''The Testimony of Truth.'' See also; ''A Valentinian Exposition.'')  The Sacred ogdoad according to some sources is: Barbelo (deep), Sige (silence), Nous (mind), Veritus (truth), Sermo (word), Vita (life), Homo (man), Ecclesia (church). The last member of the group acts to syncretize the group.

Ophites: Also called Naassenes. (Sethians) A 2nd century Greek Gnostic sect who are associated with their reverence toward 'ohis' the serpent. They contended that the serpent represented the introduction of good and evil in the Garden of Edan. Known to have divided into other sects, like Borborites with diverse beliefs. Used a symbol of an equilateral cross in the center of a circle, called the Ophite Cross, and other symbolistic icons using circles, leviathans. (See; Gaffney, Hippolytus, Ref. of All Her. Bk 5, See also; ''The Brother of Jesus,'' Butz, Inner Traditions, 2005.)

Oracle: A shrine consecrated to the worship and consultation of a prophetic deity, as that of Apollo at Delphi. A person, such as a priestess, through whom a deity is held to respond when consulted. The response given through such a medium, often in the form of an enigmatic statement or allegory. A person considered to be a source of wise counsel or prophetic opinions. An authoritative or wise statement or prediction. A command or revelation from God. In the Bible, the sanctuary of the Temple. (American Heritage Dictionary.) (See; ''Oracles of Zoroaster.'')

Origen: (185- 254 C.E.) Born in Alexandria. He studied Greek philosophy with Ammonius, and others. He became a Christian under Clement. Some of his surviving work is considered somewhat Gnostic in its nature according to later western Christian leaders. Origen was declared heretical on the basis of his beliefs in the pre-existence of souls and his beliefs about apokatastasis. In 553 A.D the Chalcedonians anathematized him.http://www.iep.utm.edu/o/origen.htm                                http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/origen.html

Orosius, Paulus: (385-420 c.) Latin writer that opposed Origenists, and Gnostics, especially the Pricilliannists, who advocated that Jesus was ascetic in his nature. He sided with Augastine in declaring heretical works, and identified a book called ''Memoria of the Apostles,'' in which he identifies the parable of the ''sower.'' "A sower went forth to sow his seed, the sower was not good: asserting that had he been good he would not have been careless, nor cast his seed by the wayside or on stony places or unfilled ground: willing it to be understood that that this (the ruler of the world?) was the sower, who scattered the souls he had caught into various bodies as he pleased. In the same book much is said about moist things, and the principle of fire: he would have it understood that all good things happen in this world, not by the power of God, but by contrivance.'' ( "The New Testament Apocrypha,'' James, Apocryphile Press, page, 21.) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orosius

Ouroboros: This is an image of the serpent biting it's own tail, and is meant to imply infinity. Or, possibly, eternally being stuck in the material cycle. http://altreligion.about.com/library/glossary/symbols/bldefsouroboros.htm    http://altreligion.about.com/library/glossary/symbols/bldefsouroboros.htm

Oxyrynchus: Place in Egypt, and adopted name for Greek fragmented copies (3, Oxy 654, 655, et sec), and of the Gospel of Thomas and other works. (See also; The Five Gospels,'' p. 546.)

Pachomius: (290-346) Founded the Christian monastery around Nag Hammadi Egypt. Thought by some to have held Gnostic beliefs. He is known as the most probable person to have had the Nag Hammadi texts. He is known to have met Basil of Caesaria, who studied Origen's work. He is known to have met Basil. He opposed Athanasius who took over as the Orthodox authority in Alexandria around 297, ending the reign of Origen there. Athanasius, is said to have organized the books of Bible before the Nicean influence of Eusebius. He opposed the Gnostics, and is known to have posted himself in front of the Nag Hammadi mountains, where the texts were eventually found. (Encyclopaedia Britannica) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachomius

Panentheism: is the theological position that God is immanent within the universe, but also trancends it. It is distinguished from pantheism, which holds that God is synonymous with the material universe. In panentheism, God is viewed as creator and/or animating force behind the universe, and the source of universal morality. The term is closely associated with the Logos of Greek philosophy in the works of Herakleitos, which pervades the cosmos and whereby all things were made.  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panentheistic  

Pantaenus: (date uncertain) Appointed to head the Christian Catechise School of Alexandria by Peter. Originally, the Alexandrian church was thought to be founded by Mark, Peter, Barnabus, and Glaucius. Known to have been a Stoic, and teacher of Clement. Pantaenus is known to have done missionary work as far east as India. Claims to have discovered Eastern Christians in possession of the ''Gospel of Matthew,'' written in Hebrew and presented by Bartholomew. http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/pantaenus.html   http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11446b.htm
www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=808                                                     

Papias: (70-155 A.D.) Papias had associations with Polycarp and with St. John himself, and known to have talked with Philip's daughters, and of "others who had seen the Lord." ( See; Irenaeus, ''Against Heresies,'' v.33.3) He is said to have been Bishop of Hierapolis, in Phrygia. Only fragments of his work have survived and they are called, "Exposition of the Oracles of the Lord." Papias is said to have claimed that the ''Gospel of Matthew.'' was written first, and Mark served as a scribe for Peter's work. Three fragments from Clement of Alexandria's work confirm this idea. (See; Clement's Fragments- Online. See also; Works of Henry Barchlay Swete, 1835-1917. See also; ''New Testament Apochrapha'' James, Apochrypile Press, 2004.) http://www.mindspring.com/~scarlson/synopt/ext/papias.htm   http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/papias.html  

Parable: Stories with a point that Jesus is believed to have spoken to the multitudes around Galilee. (See the ''Gospel of Thomas;'' Sayings 8, 9, 20, 57, 63, 64, 65, 76, 96, 97, 98, 107,109. According the "Apochryphon of James" and "Pistis Sophia" the parables are passages which relate or are intentional mysteries. In Greek (parabole), meaning comparison, or similitude, placing beside or together. Can also refer to the interior dimensions of a cone. Clement of Alexandria writes:

"Wherefore the holy mysteries of the prophecies are veiled in the parables preserved for chosen men, selected to knowledge in consequence of their faith; for the style of the Scriptures is parabolic. Wherefore also the Lord, who was not of the world, came as one who was of the world to men. For He was clothed with all virtue; and it was His aim to lead man, the foster-child of the world, up to the objects of intellect, and to the most essential truths by knowledge, from one world to another. Wherefore also He employed metaphorical description; for such is the parable, a narration based on some subject which is not the principal subject, but similar to the principal subject, and leading him who understands to what is the true and principal thing; or, as some say, a mode of speech presenting with vigor, by means of other circumstances, what is the principal subject." (''Stromata,'' Bk. VI, et sec.)

Paraclete; Parakleiton: (puraclete) "Comforter" or one who pleads a case for another. This word is sometimes used for the Holy Spirit or for the Logos. (See "1st Book of Jeu") ''The followers of Valentinus say that Jesus is the Paraclete, because he has come full of the Aeons, having come forth from the whole. For Christ left behind Sophia, who had put him forth, and going into the Pleroma, asked for help for Sophia, who was left outside; and Jesus was put forth by the good will of the Aeons as a Paraclete for the Aeon which had passed. There are twelve elements associated with Jesus as the paraclete. Paracletus (Comforter) and Pistis (Faith), Patricas (Paternal) and Elpis (Hope), Metricos (Maternal) and Agape (Love), Ainos (Praise) and Synesis (Intelligence), Ecclesiasticus (Son of Ecclesia) and Macariotes (Blessedness) Theletus (Perfect) and Sophia (Wisdom). In the type of the Paraclete, Paul became the Apostle of the Resurrection.'' (Theodotus, source; Dr. Andrew Criddle.)

Parallel: The ''Five Gospels,'' by Funk, Harper, 1993, pg. 544, states that a gospel parallel, is one where, ''In a gospel parallel or synopsis the gospels are arranged in parallel columns with matching materials opposite each other.''

In the case of literary dependence referencing a parallel, Karen King suggests the following criteria in determining the characteristic of viable literary dependence. (parallel) The reference to this work is... (''The Gospel of MaryMagdala,'' King, Polebridge, 2003. pg. 110.)

1. Extensive word-for-word similarity, (citation).
2. Similar arrangement or ordering of materials.
3. Similar narrative context or meaning.
4. The use of a citation formula. (For instance each saying in the ''Gospel of
Thomas,'' starts with 'Jesus said,' or someone talking to him, in an obvious
schema.
{My insertion} King uses, ''as it is written,'' and ....)
5. Use of language specific to the source work.

Parousia: To be present, pertaining to the Second Coming of Christ in Apocalyptic works. (See; "Apocalypse of Peter," Nag Hammadi Lib.) http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/Parousia

Paul: ''In the type of the Paraclete, Paul became the Apostle of the Resurrection. Immediately after the Lord's Passion he also was sent to preach.'' (Theodotus) Paul was originally Saul of Tarsus, who persecuted Gnostics. He is thought to have been present during the execution of Stephan the first Martyr. http://www.studylight.org/enc/cbc/view.cgi?number=T57

Pharisatha: Name given to Jesus in Syriac, according to the "Gospel of Phillip," meaning "the one who is spread out."

Pharisees: The name means 'the separated ones.' Pharisees were a lay movement of the Jewish Temple noted for their adherence to Jewish law. (See; Saducee. See also; ''The Five Gospels.'')

Pharmakeia: Is roughly equivalent to witchcraft. Contrary to the accusations of the heresiologists, Gnostic writers seemed to be against any form of sympathetic magic or divination. The reason for this is not that it doesn't necessarily work, but that it's focus is still within the hylic and psychic spheres of thought. ESP, astrology etc. are only applicable to the realm of Heimarene. (See; Heimarene.)

Philo Judaeus: (25 BCE- 50 CE) A Jewish philosopher of Alexandria who synthesized the Old Testament with Greek and Pythagorean philosophies. Was considered by most as a Jewish Gnostic. (See; ''Stromata.'') http://thriceholy.net/library.html

Pistis: "Faith." Usually in regard to having faith in Jesus for salvation.

Pistis Sophia: Meaning Faith-Wisdom. The text, ''The Pistis Sophia,'' contains six books and is contained in the Askew Codex. See; http://www.gnosis.org/library/psoph.htm  

Plane: Means "error," to denote the same concept and can be used for both the cosmic mistake, and a personal, or earthly lack of understanding. (Hoeller p. 88.) May also be a synonym for level, as cosmic level or plane of attainment.

Plato: (429-348 BCE) Athenian philosopher, student of Socrates, associated with the mysticism of Pythagoras. Known for his philosophy on the concept of forms, which may have influenced Gnostic thought in regard to the concept of forms, and the nature of the soul. A partial copy of ''Plato's Republic,'' is contained in the Nag Hammadi Library. http://wsu.edu/~dee/GREECE/PLATO.HTM

Pleroma: The word means "fullness," and the 'All.' It refers to ''all existence beyond matter. Refers to the world of the Aeons, the heavens or spiritual universe, which represents being out of the state of matter. According to the "Gospel of Truth" "....all the emanations from the Father are Pleromas." See Tractates 3, 2, Codices, I, and XII, Nag Hammadi Lib. Pleroma can have other connotations according to the Gnostic school of thought, some differences in Sethian and Valentinian (other) schools can be noted. Pleroma, is different than Logos. (See; Logos, See aslo; Gaffney, p. 246.)

Pneumatic: One who identifies with the spirit (pneuma), beyond that of the physical (hylic) world and the intellect alone (psychic). The pneuma, described in the ''Gospel of Phillip,'' as 'breath,' refers to bonding with the internal spark (spinther) that came from and is drawn to reunite with the Father in some Gnostic schema. One who awakens it (the spinther) within the self does it through the process of gnosis. (See; Gregory of Nicea (Basil), who used the term in his mystical teachings, and is a later term which connotes Gnostic. See; ''Early Christian Mystics,'' McGinn, Crossroads, 2003.)

Pneumatophoroi: One who has united his soul with the 'light' (Sophia, Wisdom) achieving Gnosis which is thought in Christian Gnosticism to be a union with the Holy Spirit. A common name for those who have reached this state are 'spirit bearers.' Those having reached this state are mentioned in "Acts" and Pauline works. Thought to wear the Holy spirit like a garment. (See; ''1,000 Things You
Always Wanted to Know About the Holy Spirit, by Lang, Thomas Nelson Pub. 1999.)

Poimandres: "Shepherd of Men" This is a reference to the first androgynous emanation which guides us back to the light in the process of Gnosis. A Hermetic (rather than Gnostic) term that is basically an allegory of transcendence through a Sophia and a Logos. http://www.gnosis.org/library/hermes1.html 

Polycarp: (69-155 A.D.) Thought to have been appointed Bishop of Smyrna by Peter. He wrote the "Epistle of St. Polycarp," or "Epistle to the Philippians," and was known to be in contact with Ignatius, and other noted early Christians. Is thought to have rejected the teachings of Marcion, but stated that, "For every one who does not confess that Jesus Christ has come in the flesh is antichrist; and whosoever does not confess the testimony of the cross, is a devil, and whosoever perverteth the oracles of the Lord (to serve) his own lusts, and saith there is neither resurrection nor judgment, this man is a first-born of Satan." (New Advent, Catholic Encyclopedia. See also; Irenaeus. See also; ''Epistle of St. Polycarp,'' "The Lost Books of the Bible,'' Eden, LB Press. 1926-01.) http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12219b.htm

Praxis: Practice. Can mean an act; by extension, a function: also can mean deed, office, work.

Preterest: (Preterist) A person who believes that the prophecies of the Apocalypse have already been fulfilled. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preterism

Procatarctic: Word to describe a type of thought process used by Clement of Alexandria. "Procatarctic causes being removed, the effect remains. But a Synectic cause is that, which being present, the effect remains, and being removed, the effect is removed....The Synectic is also called by the synonymous _expression "perfect in itself." Since it is of itself sufficient to produce the effect." ( See; Synectic.)

Protennoia: (pronoia), "Providence." Defined as the female voice found in the Gnostic light. (See the ''Trimorphic Protennoia,'' Nag Hammadi Library, also the long version of the ''Apocryphon of John.'') ''Now, first among all those passions [...] nor [...] him, since, after all, Pronoia caused the correction to project shadows and images of those who exist from the first and those who are and those who shall be. This, then, is the dispensation of believing in Jesus for the sake of him who inscribed the All with likenesses and images and shadows.'' ('' A Valentinian Exposition.'')

Protophanes: The perfect male mind, as defined in the Nag Hammadi text, ''Zostrianos.'' ''The great male invisible Mind, the perfect Protophanes has his own water as you [will see] when you arrive at his place.''

Prunikus: "Whore" Sophia is sometimes referred to as "Pistis Sophia Prunikus.'' The fallen Sophia. In some Gnostic works Sophia is considered fallen because outside her perfect self in the pleroma, she has 'fallen' to the earthly, hylic state as an entity.

Ptolemaeus: {Ptolemy} (160 A.D.) A student of Valentinus. He admitted there was a psychic nature to the body. See his "Letter to Flora,'' (''The Other Bible,'' Barnstone, Harper, 1984, p. 621.) (Hoeller, p. 90.)He was the most important of Valentinus' early disciples at Rome. He was the one who developed Valentinus' ideas into a consistent theological system. Ptolemy may be identical with the martyr of the same name. After Ptolemy converted a wealthy Roman woman to Christianity, her husband denounced him to the authorities. He was imprisoned about 160 AD and eventually executed. A description of his systematic theology is preserved by Irenaeus. http://essenes.net/valen10.html

Psalms: Part of the Hebrew Bible known in the first century. ''Pistis Sophia,'' using